Find latitude by Polaris & taking noon sun sights

Let's assume a position for the observer. In this case, let the observer's geographical latitude be equals to 'x'.

Altitude: The ‘latitude’ of the celestial body, measuring from the horizon up to the zenith of an observer (90 degrees). The angle is measured with a sextant or other navigational instruments.

Since altitude = 90 degrees - angle Z   (angle Z = angle W)

                    = 90 degrees -angle W

                    = geographical latitude 'x'

Therefore, altitude of the Polaris above the horizon is the same as the observer's geographical latitude! And latitude can be measured with a sextant.

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